The verified standard for Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Scientific Research. Three documentation systems, 28+ scientific formatting rules.
CSE (Council of Science Editors) Style is the official citation and formatting standard for scientific disciplines. The current 8th edition (2014) is the authoritative guide used by journals, universities, and researchers in biology, chemistry, physics, environmental science, and engineering.
Unique Feature: CSE offers three distinct documentation systems. Your professor or target journal will specify which system to use. Using the wrong system can result in rejected manuscripts or lost points.
Verified Source: CSE Manual 8th Edition, Chapters 1-5 — Verified November 29, 2025
Choose one system consistently. Never mix systems within a document.
In-text citations use author surname and year in parentheses. References are alphabetized.
In-text (1 author): (Frog 1998)
In-text (2 authors): (Frog and Toad 1997)
In-text (3+ authors): (Frog et al. 1996)
Pinpoint citation: (Frog 1998, p. 42) or (Frog 1998: 42)
Reference list: Alphabetized by author
Common in: Biology, Environmental Science, Ecology journals
References are alphabetized by author surname, then numbered. In-text citations use the assigned superscript number.
In-text: ...as shown previously.3
Reference list: Alphabetized, then numbered 1, 2, 3...
Common in: Medical journals, Clinical research
References are numbered in the order they first appear in the text. In-text citations use superscript numbers.
In-text: ...as shown previously.1
Reference list: Numbered 1, 2, 3... by order of citation
Common in: Chemistry, Physics, Engineering journals
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CSE has 28+ mandatory scientific formatting rules across 3 documentation systems. Let us handle them all automatically. Free preview, pay only for DOCX download.